Deserialization of untrusted data in the report-processing code of Puppet, as used by Puppet Server, in the affected releases, allows a client that holds any CA-signed agent certificate to execute arbitrary code on the Puppet Server as its service user by submitting a report containing a crafted rich-data type via PUT request. Where the certificate authority autosigns requests without strong verification, an unauthenticated network attacker can obtain such a certificate.
Upgrade to a release that bundles puppet-agent 8.22.2 or 9.1.3 (Puppet Enterprise 2023.8.13, 2025.12.1, or 2026.0.1) and restart puppet server so the fixed code is loaded.