Mongoose is a MongoDB object modeling tool designed to work in an asynchronous environment. Prior to 6.13.12, 7.8.13, 8.24.7, and 9.11.4, Schema.prototype.virtual() builds nested virtual paths without applying the special-property validation already used by Schema.path() and Schema.add(). An attacker who can influence virtual field names in dynamic schemas, content-management form builders, or schema-as-code systems can supply path segments such as proto, constructor, or prototype, causing the virtual-path reducer to write enumerable properties to Object.prototype or Function.prototype. The resulting prototype pollution can spoof inherited property checks such as authorization flags and can provide function-prototype gadget state to other server-side JavaScript code. This issue is fixed in versions 6.13.12, 7.8.13, 8.24.7, and 9.11.4.