Privilege escalation in Checkmk versions 2.5.0 before 2.5.0p9, 2.4.0 before 2.4.0p34, 2.3.0 before 2.3.0p49, and 2.2.0 (EOL) allows a local unprivileged user to execute arbitrary commands as root by starting a process crafted to look like a SAP HANA instance. Without an explicit database configuration, the mk_sap_hana agent plugin derives instance identifiers from the process list and uses them to build a command executed with elevated privileges (requires the plugin to run as root with RUNAS=agent).