In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net/sched: act_ct: don't WARN on benign flow_offload_alloc() failure
flow_offload_alloc() returns NULL when the conntrack entry is dying
(e.g. raced with a conntrack flush) or when the GFP_ATOMIC allocation
fails; both are expected under load and neither is a kernel bug. This
path runs from softirq on every committed packet, so with
panic_on_warn=1 an unprivileged user can panic the box just by racing
a conntrack flush against a tc ... action ct commit classifier.
Reproduced with a custom repro under QEMU: a small, fixed set of UDP
flows through tc filter ... action ct commit on lo, raced against
threads flooding bare ctnetlink CT_DELETE (flush) requests. Hits
WARNING: net/sched/act_ct.c:437 (tcf_ct_flow_table_add(), inlined
into tcf_ct_act() in this build) within ~15s on the unpatched kernel;
same setup is clean on the patched kernel. The fix itself is
behavior-preserving: both branches already did goto err_alloc
before and after, only the WARN is removed.